• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SE1051003A1
    申请号:SE1051003
    申请日:2010-09-28
    公开日:2012-03-29
    发明作者:Liana Sandstroem
    申请人:Ifoe Sanitaer Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Thus solving at least the above-mentioned problems by providing a method according to the appended claims.
    The general solution according to the invention is to apply a first glaze layer, a raw material glaze, and immediately afterwards apply wet-on-wet a second glaze layer, and shortly afterwards burn both layers at the same time.
    According to one aspect of the invention, a method of glazing a ceramic body is provided. The method includes the step of applying a first glaze layer over the ceramic body, a step of applying a second glaze layer over the first glaze layer before the first glaze layer is subjected to firing, and the step of subjecting the ceramic body to a disposable firing.
    In one aspect, the use of the method in one aspect is provided to make a glaze.
    In one aspect, the use of the method in one aspect is provided to make a glazed ceramic body.
    In one aspect, there is provided a glaze, manufacturable by the method of one aspect.
    In one aspect, a glazed ceramic body is provided, manufacturable by the method of one aspect.
    The present invention has the advantages over the prior art that it provides a smooth glazed surface in a blasting step. This is cost-effective and environmentally friendly, and the final product is easier to use because it is easier to keep clean.
    Brief Description of the Drawings These and other aspects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent and illustrated from the following description of embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the invention; a method according to an embodiment; Fig. 2 is a temperature curve of an embodiment of a method according to an embodiment; and Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-section of a glaze in one embodiment.
    Several embodiments of the present invention will be described below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order that a person skilled in the art may practice the invention. However, the invention may include many embodiments and therefore should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth below. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the description is thorough and complete, and fully express the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. The embodiments do not limit the invention, but the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
    Furthermore, the tennis technology used in the detailed description is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
    The following description comprises an embodiment of the present invention intended for ceramic bodies made of materials such as waterproof sintered, refractory or commode goods.
    In an embodiment according to Figs. 1, a method 10 for glazing a ceramic body is provided. The method comprises a first step 11 of applying a raw material glaze over the ceramic body.
    The raw material glaze may consist of an aqueous slurry of 61.5% (wt%) containing SiO 2, 1.1% (wt%) Al 2 O 3, 0.1% (wt%) LigO, 6.2% (wt%) Na 2 O + K 2 O, 1.0.1 % (wt%) CaO, 1.1% (wt%) MgO, 0.1% (wt%) B2O3, 0.1% (wt%) BaO, 1.9% (wt%) ZnO and 7.2% (wt%) ZrO2 . The production is done in the existing plant by slurrying the raw materials in water, grinding the glaze sludge in Draiskvarn to a median diameter of around 3 μm with subsequent adjustment of the viscosity between 0.40 and 0.80 Pas and a density between 1785 and 1795 g / l.
    The method further comprises a second step 12 of applying a top glaze over the raw material glaze.
    The top glaze can be a transparent glaze from Endeka Ceramics Ltd, with a typical chemical composition consisting of: 68.0-74.0% (weight percent) SiO 2, 9.0-13.0% (weight percent) Al 2 O 3, 4.0-6 .0% (wt%) NagO / KgO / LigO, 9.0-13.0% (wt%) CaO / MgO, 1.0-3.0% (wt%) ZnO and <1.0% (wt%) B2O3.
    The glaze is slurried in water, the density of the sludge is between 1650 g / l and 1700 g / l, it is ground in Drais or ball mill to a median diameter of about 3 μm. After grinding, the viscosity is adjusted between 0.40 and 0.80 Pas.
    The melting range of the raw material glaze starts around 140 ° C and the glaze is completely melted between 1200 ° and 220 ° C depending on the burner conditions, for example shooting time and speed. The melting range of the top glaze is between 180 ° and 220 ° C with the maximum temperature depending on firing conditions, such as firing time and speed.
    The first and second glaze layers are aqueous sludges and thus, when applied successively wet-on-wet, form a double layer of glazes since no treatment, for example drying or firing, of the first layer takes place before the second layer is added.
    The method comprises a third step 13 to disposably screen the two glazes.
    The firing takes place in an ordinary kiln, well known to a person skilled in the art, with a firing curve of 16 hours, with a peak or maximum temperature of 1205 ° C and a holding time of between 50 and 60 minutes, for example 60 minutes, when the glaze is sealed. The oven can be of the intennitent or tunnel oven type, which is easily understood by a person skilled in the art.
    In an embodiment according to Fig. 1, the firing process 13 consists of a first step, the winding 21, of the ceramic body from room temperature to sealing temperature. Thereafter, the braking process 13 comprises a step of keeping 22 the ceramic body at the sealing temperature, as well as a step of cooling 23 the ceramic body from sealing temperature to room temperature.
    A temperature curve of the firing process according to an embodiment is shown in Fig. 2.
    The raw material glaze begins to melt slowly at lower temperatures with a starting point at Tml.
    The melting range of the raw material glaze is shown with a dashed line. The top glaze melts just before the maximum temperature, starting at Tm2. The melting range of the top glaze is shown in black solid line.
    During the time interval t0 and t1, i.e. the heating 21, the glazed ceramic body is heated from, for example, room temperature to sealing temperature Tmax. When the temperature reaches Tml, the raw material glaze begins to melt while the top glaze fl surfaces on top. When the temperature reaches Tm2, the top glaze also begins to melt. The overlap of the melting intervals of the two glazes does not affect their fusion at all, or to a very small extent.
    During the time interval between t1 and t2, i.e. the seal or fusion, the glazes are sealed by keeping the temperature constant at maximum temperature, as will be appreciated by one skilled in the art. The time interval between t1 and t2 is chosen so that it is long enough to ensure the sealing of the glaze, but short enough to prevent the raw material glaze from merging with the top glaze.
    During the time interval between t2 and t3, i.e. the cooling 23, the glazed ceramic body cools down from the maximum temperature Tmax to room temperature. The two glazes solidify when the temperature falls below the lowest temperature for the respective melting range (not shown).
    Thus, a two-layer glaze with a disposable bristle is obtained.
    Disposable incineration is an advantage because it is cost-effective, user- and / or environmentally friendly, as only one incineration is needed.
    An embodiment of a glazed ceramic body 30 is shown in Fig. 3. The ceramic body 31 is first glazed with raw material glaze 31. The surface 31 of the raw material glaze is typically uneven. The surface roughness can be significantly improved by glazing a second layer of top glaze 32 which smoothes out the irregularities in the raw material glaze, by filling the surfaces between the coarse grains. The thickness of the first layer is around 500 μm and the second layer is substantially thinner, for example 25 μm. However, the optimal glaze thickness for each layer varies and should therefore be adjusted on a case-by-case basis based on available expertise.
    The ceramic bodies can be any type of ceramic body, as will be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art. The glazing can be done by spraying, manually, by robotic glazing or with the help of other glazing equipment. Alternatively, the glazing can be done by dipping, brushing or by a combination of the above methods.
    The two glaze layers can be applied based on the same or different coverage patterns.
    The coverage can be done by placing the ceramic body on a piece carrier in a glazing cell and applying the glaze evenly over the entire surface.
    As above, the glazing comprises two steps, the raw material glazing with subsequent treatment with transparent glaze. The two layers can be applied by the same or different methods, as will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art.
    The second glaze layer is applied while the raw material glaze is still wet.
    The second glaze is applied immediately after raw material glazing and afterwards the piece is lifted from the piece carrier and placed on a fire truck which transports it into the kiln.
    It is known that many different types of glazes can be used to achieve similar results. Thus, edge conditions can also vary. The following are some illustrative embodiments: The raw material glaze A typical example of a classic raw material glaze is a suspension of granular raw material particles in water. To prevent sedimentation, binders are also added which increase the stability of the glaze. The rheology (viscosity and thixotropin) and the density are adjusted to the optimal level depending on the glazing technique based on each individual case. It is essential to achieve a smooth and even surface, especially where the other glaze is applied. When glazing, the glaze is applied over the shard and water transport begins.
    The water from the glaze suspension is transported into the pores of the shard while the raw material particles remain on the shear surface.
    Glazes that contain coatings typically have a rough surface profile due to their coarser grain. The most well-known coatings are zirconia, zirconium silicate or tin oxide.
    The raw material glaze may comprise the following oxides: SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, LigO, NagO, KgO, CaO, MgO, B2O 3, BaO, ZnO or ZrO 2.
    The viscosity can be between 0.40 and 0.80 Pas. The densities can be 1785 and 1795 g / l.
    The top glaze The top glaze typically consists of a more accessible glaze, which is well known to a person skilled in the art. This is because the top glaze forms the interface between sanitary ware and the environment, which makes it important that the surface is both durable and smooth. The top glaze is typically applied in a super-thin layer, ie. with a thickness below 50 pm.
    The top glaze may include the following oxides: SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, IgO, NagO, K 2 O, CaO, MgO, B2O 3, BaO, ZnO or ZrO 3.
    The topsheet may contain oxides or additives that impart increasing antibacterial properties.
    The viscosity should be between 0.40 and 0.80 Pas. The density should be between 1650 and 1700 g / l.
    The raw material glaze and the top glaze may contain the same oxides, however, in different chemical compositions or Victory formulas.
    The raw material glaze and the top glaze may have the same rheology, density or amount of additives, which may be adhesive, binder or the like.
    The firing It is known to a person skilled in the art that glazes do not have a fixed melting point but a melting range.
    The melting range of the first glaze begins at a lower temperature compared to the melting range of the second glaze layer. During the melting process, the top glaze will ovan surface on top of the raw material glaze melt, but also the top glaze melts later and faster at a higher temperature closer to the maximum temperature. An empirical explanation for this is that the top glaze can have a higher density in the molten state compared to the raw material glaze. Both layers probably adhere to the shard due to the permeability of the water into the shard. This means that the water from the raw material glaze layer migrates into the shard as soon as they come into contact with each other during glazing, with the consequence that the glaze layer is firm and stable. When the top glaze is applied, its water is transported through the raw material glaze layer inwards towards the shard, with the consequence that the top layer is attached to the raw material glaze layer. These mechanisms enable wet-on-wet glazing with two layers and subsequent disposable firing without mixing the glaze layers.
    The starting point for the melting range depends on the glaze recipe, but it is usually between 120 ° C and 140 ° C for the raw material glaze and between -180 ° C and 1200 ° C for the top glaze.
    The glazing temperature of the glaze can vary depending on the respective glaze recipe, but it is usually between 900 ° and 1300 ° C, usually around 1200 ° C.
    The sealing time of the glaze can also vary depending on the respective glaze recipe, but it is usually in the interval between 30 and 130 minutes, usually around 60 minutes, depending on the brim conditions, type of oven and the temperature gradient in the kiln. As above, it is possible to burn in both tourmaline and shuttle furnaces with good results. According to one embodiment, there is provided the use of a method according to the preceding embodiments, for producing a glaze.
    An advantage of the method is that it is faster, as a single burn is sufficient.
    In one embodiment, the use of a method according to the embodiments described above is provided for the manufacture of a glazed ceramic body 30.
    The ceramic body 31 has glaze layers which comprise a raw material glaze 32 and a top glaze 33.
    An advantage of such use is that it is faster, as a one-time braking is sufficient.
    In one embodiment, a glaze manufacturable by the method of the above-described embodiments is provided.
    An advantage of such a glaze is that it is more cost-effective and the glaze surface is smooth.
    In one embodiment, a glazed body 30 is provided, manufacturable by the method of the embodiments described above. The ceramic body 31 has glaze layers which comprise a raw material glaze 32 and a top glaze 33. An advantage of such a glaze is that it is more cost effective and the glaze surface is smooth. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific forms described herein. The invention is rather limited only by the appended claims and other embodiments than those described above are equally possible within the scope of these appended claims.
    In the claims, the term "includes / excludes" does not exclude other the presence of other elements or steps. Furthermore, even if they are mentioned individually, a number of organs, elements or method steps can be implemented through, for example, a unit. Furthermore, although individual features may be included in different claims, these may be advantageously combined and the inclusion of different requirements does not imply that a combination of features is not possible and / or advantageous. In addition, individual references do not exclude a number. Terms such as "one", "one", "first", "second" do not exclude a number.
    Reference numerals in the claims are provided by way of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the claims in any way.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    A method (10) for glazing a ceramic body, comprising the steps of applying (11) a first glaze layer over the ceramic body; applying (12) a second glaze layer, over the first glaze layer before burning; and subjecting the ceramic body to a disposable burn (13).
    [2]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second glaze layers are aqueous slurries.
    [3]
    A method according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the temperature range for the melting of the first glaze layer has a lower starting point compared to the temperature range for the melting of the second glaze layer.
    [4]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the starting point for the melting range of the first glaze is around 140 ° C and the starting point for the melting range of the second glaze is around 11180 ° C.
    [5]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the application (11,12) is effected by spraying, dipping or brushing.
    [6]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the firing process comprises the following steps: heating (21) the ceramic body from room temperature to the sealing temperature; holding (22) the ceramic body at the sealing temperature; and cooling (23) the ceramic body from the sealing temperature to room temperature.
    [7]
    The method of claim 6, wherein the sealing temperature is in the range of 900 ° C to 1300 ° C.
    [8]
    The method of claim 7, wherein the sealing temperature is around 1200 ° C. 10 15 10
    [9]
    A method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the keeping warm (22) of the ceramic body at the sealing temperature is between 30 and 130 minutes.
    [10]
    The method of claim 9, wherein the holding (22) of the ceramic body at the sealing temperature is 60 minutes.
    [11]
    Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, for making a glaze.
    [12]
    Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, for manufacturing a glazed ceramic body (30).
    [13]
    A glaze, manufacturable by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
    [14]
    A glazed ceramic body (30) manufacturable by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE536897C2|2014-10-21|
    EP2433920A3|2016-05-25|
    EP2433920A2|2012-03-28|
    引用文献:
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    JP3567788B2|1999-03-24|2004-09-22|東陶機器株式会社|Sanitary ware|
    JP2002193690A|2000-10-19|2002-07-10|Inax Corp|Stainproof treatment method and product with glass layer|
    JP4305943B2|2003-03-28|2009-07-29|Ｔｏｔｏ株式会社|Manufacturing method of sanitary ware|
    JP2005298250A|2004-04-09|2005-10-27|Toto Ltd|Sanitary ware|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1051003A|SE536897C2|2010-09-28|2010-09-28|A method of glazing a ceramic body|SE1051003A| SE536897C2|2010-09-28|2010-09-28|A method of glazing a ceramic body|
    EP11183144.2A| EP2433920A3|2010-09-28|2011-09-28|Treatment of ceramic bodies|
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